HTML

HTML:

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.

It is developed by Tim Berner's Lee.

It is used to create Static Web pages.

It is a global language i.e., it can be understood by all browsers.

It is a scripting language.

It is not case-sensitive language.

The latest version of HTML is HTML 5

Note: We write the HTML code in text editors (notepad, edit plus, dreamweaver  etc.,) and we save it with .html extension.

Hyper Text: 
A term coined by Ted Nelson around 1965 for a collection of documents (or"nodes") containing cross-references or "links" which, with the aid of an interactive  browser  program, allow the reader to move easily from one document to another.  

The extension of hypertext to include other media -sound,  graphics,  and video  has been termed " hypermedia ", but is usually just called "hypertext",  especially since the advent of  the World-Wide Web  and  HTML. (2000-09-10) 

TAGS:

The text placed between left angular brace " < " and right angular brace " > " is called as TAG.

1) Container Tags:

The tags that have both opening and closing tags are called as container tags.

Note: The closing tag will starts with a forward slash (" / ")

2) Empty Tags:

The tags that have only opening tags but no closing tags are called as empty tags.

Note: End forward slash ("/") is a optional.

Structure of HTML:

Br Tag:

Br stands for Break.

It is used to break a line and shift the following text to a new line.

It is an empty tag.

It stands for Non-Breaking Space.

It is used to add more than one space between the words.

Note: 

Generally, the browser will not accept the spaces and line breaks specified in the text editor. To overcome that, we use the above two tags.

Center Tag:

This tag is used to align the html elements to the center of the web page.

It is a container tag.

Attributes:

Attributes are special features of a tag.

Each and every tag will have its own attributes.

A tag can have one or more attributes.

Parameters:

Parameters are the values that we assign to an attribute.

Note:

•    Attribute value should always be enclosed in code “ ……”.

•    Attribute name & values are case in sensitive (not case sensitive).

Body Tag Attributes And Parameters:

Attributes             Parameters

bgcolor  --------- Color name / Hexa decimal number

background  ------ Image path

text ------------ Color name/ Hexa decimal number

Note:

bgcolor :  This attribute is used to change the background color of the page.

background : This attribute is used to apply background image for the page.

text : This attribute is used to change the color of the text in the page.

Head Part:

Font Tag:

Font tag is used to format the text such as changing the text size, color and style.

Using this tag, we can apply styles to a character, word, sentence, etc.

Font tag is a container tag.

Attributes                Parameters

color                Any color name or hexadecimal number

size                 1 to 7

face                arial, tahoma, etc.,

Note:

The default size of the text in the web page is 3.

The default face of the text in the web page is Times New Roman.

The default color of the text is black.

Headings In HTML:

In html, we are having six heading styles.

All the headings are container tags.

Each and every heading will have their own predefined styles.

Out of all heading styles, biggest heading style is h1 and smallest is h6.

Attributes                 Parameters

align              left, right, center

HR tag: (Horizontal Rule):

hr tag is used to draw a line across the web page.

hr tag is an empty tag.

Attributes                 Parameters

color                Any color name/hexa decimal number

size                 pix

width               % or pix

align                left, right, center

noshade            noshade

Note:

The default width of the horizontal rule is 100%

The default alignment of the hr is center.

noshade attribute will be applied only when we are not specifying the color of the horizontal rule.

Marquee Tag:

Marquee tag is used to give animation to the text, images, etc.,

It is a container tag.

Attributes                Parameters

behavior            scroll, alternate, slide

bgcolor             Any color name/hexa decimal number

scroll amount       number    

direction            left, right, up, down

height              % or pix

width               % or pix

Note:

The default behavior of marquee tag is scroll.

The behavior "bounce" will not work in internet explorer.

Its behavior will differ from browser to browser.

Paragraph Tag:

It is a container tag.

Attributes          Parameters

align             left, right, center, justify

Pre Tag:

Pre stands for pre-formatted text.

If we specify the text in pre tag, the browser will consider the line breaks (return / enter keys) and spaces specified in the text editor (notepad).

Pre is a container tag.

Image Tag:

This tag is used to insert images in the web page.

The images which will not be loaded automatically to the web page are called as external images.

To load these images, the user have to perform some action.

Image tag is an empty tag.

Attributes                Parameters

src                  image path

border               pix

height               pix or %

width                pix or %

align                left, right, top, middle, bottom

vspace              pix

hspace              pix

  

Note:

In the image tag, the left and right alignments will be applied to the image.

The top, middle and bottom alignments will be applied to the text along with the image.

Links:

Links are used to navigate easily from webpage to webpage or webpage to website, etc.,

To create links, we use anchor tag.

Anchor tag is a container tag.

Attributes        parameters

href             url (uniform resource locator)

target          _blank, _self.

Tables:

Tables are used to represent our data in a tabular format.

In HTML, to represent tables we use table tag.

Table is a container tag.

Table Rows:

The horizontal lines present in the tables are called as table rows.

To represent table rows, we use tr tag.

It is a container tag.

Table Columns:

The vertical lines present in the tables are called as table columns.

Cells:

The intersection of rows and columns are called as cells.

To represent table headings we use th tag.

th Tag:
th tag is a container tag.

To represent table data we use td tag.

Td Tag:
td tag is a container tag.

Attributes       Parameters

height           pixels or %

width          pixels or %

border         pixels

bordercolor     Any color

bgcolor        Any color

background    Image path

align          left, right, center

valign           top, middle, bottom

rules          rows, cols, all, none

cellspacing     pixels

cellpadding     pixels

rowspan       number

colspan          number

Cells Pacing:

     This attribute is used to change the spacing between the cells.

Cell Padding:

     This attribute is used to change the space between the content to the inner edges of the cell.

Frames:
Frames are used to divide our browser window into multiple windows.

Using frames we can place and view multiple files in a single window.

Each and every frame will have its own scrollbars.

To divide our window into multiple frames, we use frameset tag.

Frame set tag is a container tag.

Attributes             Parameters

rows              pix, %

cols               pix, %

border             pix

bordercolor         Any color name

To place the files in the frames, we use frame tag.

It is an empty tag.

Attributes          Parameters

src                  file path

name           any name

Note: ***We don't have body part in the frames.

FORMS:

Forms are used to create user interactive web pages.

Forms comes under DHTML (Dynamic hyper text markup language)

To create forms we use form tag

Form Attributes:

Attributes                 Parameters

name                any name

method              get, post

action                url (uniform resource locator)

Form fields are classified into two types:

     Input Fields

     Select Fields

Attributes             Parameters

name             any name

value             any value

size              pixels

maxlength         number

rows              number

cols              number

disabled          disabled

checked          checked

multiple           true, false

Action:

This attribute is used to specify the URL of the server page to which we want to send our form data.

Method:

This attribute is used to specify the WAY we want to send our data to the server page.

i. get:

In this method, we dont have security for our data and only limited data can be sent to the server page.

ii. post:

This is the default method of the form.

In this method, we will have security for our data and we can send bulk of data to the server page.

Lists In HTML:

     Ordered List

     Un-ordered List

     Definition List

Ordered List:

It is also called as numbered list.

It is used to give numbering to the list items.

It is a container tag.

li Tag:

To specify the list items we use li tag.

It is also a container tag.

Attributes          Parameters

type             i, I, a, A, 1

start             any number

Unordered List:

It is also called as bulleted list.

It is used to give bullets to the list items.

It is a container tag.

li Tag:

To specify the list items we use li tag.

It is also a container tag.

Attributes                Parameters

type             disc, circle, square

Definition List:

It is also called as descriptive list.

It is used to give definitions to definition terms.

It is a container tag.

dt Tag:
To specify definition term, we use dt tag.

dd Tag:
To specify definition data, we use dd tag.

Some More HTML Tags Information: