05. INTRODUCTION SQL

 Generic Features of Structured Query Language:

• It allows the user to communicate with the server
• It is highly efficient
• It is easy to learn and use
• Functionally complete, by allowing the user to

1. Define the system
2. Retrieve and manipulate the data from the system

• The General dialect is similar to English language 
• The entire structure is built on collection of statements

SQL STATEMENTS

ü  It’s a structured query language(SQL) pronounced as SEQUEL

ü  It’s a set oriented language which means handles the bunch of records at a time that’s way it’s more faster than the PL/SQL

ü  SQL is a sub-language

ü  Case-insensitive

ü  Gateway to the RDBMS

ü  It’s the only language that directly interacts with databse

ü  Fourth generation language[PL/SQL is 3 ^rd generation]

ü  SQL won’t supports the control structures and Boolean data type

ü  You can embed this language with other languages like java, PL/SQL….[embed SQL]

ü  It’s a database standard language

Structured Query Language Statements in Oracle:

• ORACLE SQL  Compiles with industry accepted standards.
• The different categories into which the SQL statements fall are as follows.

SQL - Sub divided into 6 sub languages

Data Retrieval Statement:

• SELECT Statement

Data Manipulation Language Statements:

• INSERT Statement
• UPDATE Statement
• DELETE Statement

Data Definition Language Statements:

• CREATE Statement
• ALTER Statement
• DROP Statement
• RENAME Statement
• TRUNCATE Statement

Transaction Control Language Statements:

• COMMIT Statement
• ROLLBACK Statement
• SAVEPOINT Statement

Data Control Language Statements

• GRANT Statement
• REVOKE Statement